Benchmark results

Machine: arm64 Apple M1 Pro, 32 GB, macOS 26.6.2.

Toolchains: Apple clang version 21.0.0 (clang-2100.3.34.2); rustc 1.88.0 (6b00bc388 2025-06-23); go version go1.23.4 darwin/arm64; Node v24.13.0; Python 3.14.4; Vow: seed compiler, C via clang -O2.

Best of 3 wall-clock runs; memory is the peak memory footprint (including compressed pages). Generated by bench/run.py.

binarytrees (allocation and recursion, input 18)

Language	Time	Relative to C	Memory
Vow	0.95 s	0.8x	49 MB
C	1.13 s	1.0x	17 MB
Rust	1.20 s	1.1x	17 MB
Go	1.56 s	1.4x	43 MB
JavaScript	0.60 s	0.5x	431 MB
Python	5.53 s	4.9x	38 MB

fannkuch (integer arrays and permutations, input 10)

Language	Time	Relative to C	Memory
Vow	0.24 s	1.4x	1 MB
C	0.18 s	1.0x	1 MB
Rust	0.19 s	1.1x	1 MB
Go	0.17 s	1.0x	2 MB
JavaScript	0.23 s	1.3x	13 MB
Python	4.45 s	25.2x	6 MB

knucleotide (strings and hash maps, input knucleotide-input.fa)

Language	Time	Relative to C	Memory
Vow	0.17 s	3.0x	25 MB
C	0.06 s	1.0x	18 MB
Rust	0.10 s	1.7x	15 MB
Go	0.11 s	1.9x	31 MB
JavaScript	0.31 s	5.3x	69 MB
Python	0.50 s	8.6x	23 MB

nbody (floating-point physics, input 5000000)

Language	Time	Relative to C	Memory
Vow	0.44 s	1.7x	1 MB
C	0.27 s	1.0x	1 MB
Rust	0.15 s	0.6x	1 MB
Go	0.25 s	0.9x	2 MB
JavaScript	0.37 s	1.4x	15 MB
Python	22.62 s	84.3x	6 MB

spectralnorm (floating-point loops, input 2000)

Language	Time	Relative to C	Memory
Vow	0.25 s	1.6x	1 MB
C	0.16 s	1.0x	1 MB
Rust	0.16 s	1.0x	1 MB
Go	0.16 s	1.0x	3 MB
JavaScript	0.39 s	2.5x	15 MB
Python	20.59 s	132.1x	6 MB

mandelbrot (floating-point and binary output, input 2000)

Language	Time	Relative to C	Memory
Vow	0.25 s	1.0x	2 MB
C	0.25 s	1.0x	1 MB
Rust	0.24 s	1.0x	2 MB
Go	0.24 s	1.0x	2 MB
JavaScript	0.27 s	1.1x	15 MB
Python	25.57 s	104.2x	6 MB